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Some applications use electronics to alert the driver that the liquid reservoir is running low to prevent the engine from being damaged while running under load without the protection of the mixture. The complexity of the system is limited only by how much one is willing to spend.
Need?
up the waterWater than methanol, ethanol,Methanol, Ethanol, or even propanol.Isopropyl Alcohol which are around half as absorbent as pure water. [6]
External Links
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking

Water/Methanol, commonly referred to as just 'Meth', is one option to increase horsepower and is rather easy to install. As shown in the picture above, the liquid mixture is injected into the air stream after it has passed through the turbo and intercooler by an injector under high pressure. The injector injects the liquid, sometimes called boost-juice, in as fine as a mist as possible to disburse throughout the air stream as much as possible to evenly distribute to each cylinder as well as remove as much heat from the compressed air as possible before being burned.
The liquid starts out in a reservoir and goes through a low pressure tube or hose into a high pressure pump that is resistant to the caustic nature of Methanol and then through high pressure tube or hose, sometimes 1,000 psi rated, to a one way valve, to prevent siphoning of the liquid when not under pressure. Then onto the injector, which is really a mist maker, and into the intake.
being damaged while running under load without the protection of the mixture. The complexity of the system is limited only by how much one is willing to spend.
Need?
Is water/methanol application. For some people,some, they might 2 feet tall.tall or as small as 6 inches tall and 12 inches long. In this even propanol.
What other options are there?
Dangers?
How to control it?
What fuels can be used?
What is out there already? [6]
External Links
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity
Link to Technology Objects

Water/ Methanol Injection
This is whereWhere a mixture the two.
There are several reasons that this is done and the most common is where a 50/50 mixture of methanol and distilled water is used in conjunction with advanced engine timing to get a gain in horsepower. This is achieved because the high-octane methanol prevents unwanted detonation, adds more combustible fuels to the cycle, as well as rapidly cooling off the intake air. Detonation is where the fuel inside the combustion chamber is lit at the wrong time due to a hot spot inside the cylinder. Because it detonates at the wrong time, it can cause extreme stress to the mechanical components and damage or destroy them in seconds if severe enough. Cooling off the intake air is always wanted because one can add more fuel to get a more powerful ignition and therefore more power. This happens because for fuel to burn properly, it needs a proper mixture of air to fuel, commonly called the air/fuel ratio. This AF ratio is different for every type of fuel but essentially means how much air or oxygen is needed to get a full combustion of every molecule of fuel. Because of the complexity of the different AF ratios a simplified scale was released called Lambda. Lambda is simple because with every single type of fuel, a perfect burn is 1.00, rich is less than 1.00 and lean is more than 1.00. The reason that this is so important is because the more air is able to be crammed into the cylinder, the more fuel and therefore, more power. Lambda is crucial because while an engine is running, it is using fuel and if running lean, meaning that there is less fuel than the oxygen available the flame burns much hotter, whereas if the oxygen available within the cylinder is less than the fuel available it burns a little cooler and prevents (to a small extent) premature detonation. One way to cram more oxygen into the cylinders is to use a turbo charger or a super charger. They both compress air into the engine to allow more fuel and much more power. The drawback to this is that according to the ideal gas law when air is compressed it heats up. Because it can heat up sometimes more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit it dramatically increases the chances of predetonation. The most common option available to cool off the compressed and hot intake air is to push it through an air to air intercooler to bring the temperatures back down.
Meth is not common to install if you think you're going to get a bunch of horse power out of your vehicle. Where you will see this most is in pickup truck that have been turned up getting more fuel. That's the problem with more fuel is that it produces more heat in your cylinders and turbo exhaust side. Meth is intake via the intake side to cool down the burn and give limited more power. Its a great idea but really pointless if you just want to get up the hill a little quicker. Drag racing diesel have to have simply to not blow an engine up every time they go down the drag strip
{https://www.dieselpowerproducts.com/Images/Water-Meth-Category-Header.jpg} See the source image
Reasons to install
There are several reasons that this is done and the most common is where a 50/50 mixture of methanol and distilled water is used in conjunction with advanced engine timing to get a gain in horsepower. This is achieved because the high-octane methanol prevents unwanted detonation, adds more combustible fuels to the cycle, as well as rapidly cooling off the intake air, reducing the chances for knocking or pre-detonation, two different events. [1]
Knocking, also known as detonation is where the fuel inside the combustion chamber ignites at the wrong time due to a hot spot inside the cylinder(s). Because it detonates at the wrong time, it can cause extreme stress to the mechanical components and damage or destroy them within seconds if severe enough. [1]
Cooling off the intake air is always wanted because one can add more fuel to get a more powerful ignition and therefore more power. This happens because for fuel to burn properly, it needs a proper mixture of air to fuel, commonly called the Air/Fuel ratio. This AF ratio is different for every type of fuel but essentially means how much air is needed to get a full combustion of every molecule of fuel. Because of the complexity of the different AF ratios a simplified scale was released called Lambda. Lambda is simple because with every single type of fuel, a perfect burn is 1.00, rich is less than 1.00 and lean is more than 1.00. [2]
The reason that this is so important is because the more air is able to be crammed into the cylinder, the more fuel can be added and therefore, more power. Lambda is crucial because while an engine is running, it is using fuel and if running lean, meaning that there is less fuel than the oxygen available the flame burns much hotter, whereas if the oxygen available within the cylinder is less than the fuel available it burns a little cooler and prevents (to a small extent) premature detonation. [1]
One way to cram more oxygen into the cylinders is to use a turbocharger or a supercharger. They both compress air into the engine to allow more fuel and much more power. The drawback to this is that according to the ideal gas law when air is compressed it heats up. Because it can heat up sometimes more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the ambient temperature it dramatically increases the chances of knocking or pre-detonation. [3,4]
The most common option available to cool off the compressed and hot intake air is to push it through an air to air intercooler to bring the temperatures back down. [5] [See picture above]
Installation
Water/Methanol, commonly referred to as just 'Meth', is one option to increase horsepower and is rather easy to install. As shown in the picture above, the liquid mixture is injected into the air stream after it has passed through the turbo and intercooler by an injector under high pressure. The injector injects the liquid, sometimes called boost-juice, in as fine as a mist as possible to disburse throughout the air stream as much as possible to evenly distribute to each cylinder as well as remove as much heat from the compressed air as possible before being burned.
The liquid starts out in a reservoir and goes through a low pressure tube or hose into a high pressure pump that is resistant to the caustic nature of Methanol and then through high pressure tube or hose, sometimes 1,000 psi rated, to a one way valve, to prevent siphoning of the liquid when not under pressure. Then onto the injector, which is really a mist maker, and into the intake.
Some applications use electronics to alert the driver that the liquid reservoir is running low to prevent the engine from being damaged
Is water/methanol injection really needed? It probably depends on the application. For some people, they might not have enough room in their engine bay for an intercooler, which can be as large as 4 feet wide and 2 feet tall. In this case, they would most benefit from having the water/methanol injection as far from the throttle body as possible so that the liquid mist can absorb as much heat as possible in as much time as possible. It may even be beneficial to only use distilled water in this case because water has a higher specific heat, meaning that it takes more energy to heat up the water than methanol, ethanol, or even propanol.
What other options are there?
What fuels can be used?
What is out there already?
External Links
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler
Link to Technology Objects

- Solvent-based single-component polyurethane
- Hot glue
ultrasonic sealing. Where the materials are joined using ultrasonic vibrations instead of heat. [27]
Tyvek coveralls are one-piece garments, usually white, commonly worn by mechanics, oil industry workers, painters, insulation installers, and laboratory and cleanroom workers where a disposable, one-time use coverall is needed. They are also used for some light HAZMAT applications, such as asbestos and radiation work but do not provide the protection of a full hazmat suit. Tychem is a sub-brand of Tyvek rated for a higher level of liquid protection, especially from chemicals. DuPont makes Tyvek clothing in different styles from laboratory coats and aprons to complete head-to-toe coveralls with hoods and booties. The latter was notably used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force as emergency limited CBRN gear during the Fukushima nuclear incident.
In 1976, fashion house Fiorucci made an entire collection out of Tyvek. More recently fashion retailer and manufacturer American Apparel has included white Tyvek shorts as part of its range. Rock band Devo is known for wearing large, two-piece Tyvek suits with black elastic belts and 3-D glasses. In 1979, Devo appeared with Tyvek leisure suits and shirts made specifically for the band, with the band's own designs and images. In 2005, Dynomighty Design[13] introduced a Tyvek wallet made from a single sheet of Tyvek. The ultralight backpacking community has begun to use Tyvek for the construction of extremely light yet durable backpacks. In 2012, The Open Company released a foldable city map made of one of the stiffer variants of Tyvek.
25. Printed Tyvek Labels - Fast Turnaround - Hi-Tech Printing & Labeling - Fabriclabels.com
26. Direct info from Jack Armantrout Senior Electrical Engineer/DuPont R&D/Tyvek
27. http://www.boschpackaging.com/en/pa/technologies/ultrasonic-sealing/ultrasonic.html

{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Raspberry_Pi_Logo.svg/100px-Raspberry_Pi_Logo.svg.png}
What is the Raspberry Pi?:
computer is $36$40 or less,
The Origin of the Raspberry Pi:
The Raspberry Pi Foundation was created to get more people interested in computer science at the University of Cambridge, due to the lack of incoming students in the program. Several Cambridge faculty members at the time, including Elon Upton (one of the Founders of Raspberry Pi Trading and CEO), became the founders of this program. It was eventually classified as a charity in 2009. The goal was to make an affordable computer, and by doing so, make learning programming more accessible for newcomers. The Raspberry Pi is used widely in primary and secondary education throughout Europe, and it is beginning to be used more prevalently in other countries, including the United States of America. Many primary education centers are utilizing the Raspberry Pi to help children learn basic programming (i.e., Python) as early as first or second grade.
Raspberry Pi Evolution:
The current available Raspberry Pi models available for purchase as of right now are listed below in order of their creation:
B, B+: US$24.95 (4)
This model (pictured below) was the first ever Raspberry Pi and was released in February of 2012.
{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Raspberry_Pi_-_Model_A.jpg} Raspberry Pi 1
An HDMI output
A micro-SD slot.
Model B: US$39.95 (4)
The Raspberry Pi 2 was released in February 2015.
{http://icdn4.digitaltrends.com/image/raspberry-pi-2-hand-v2-970x647-c.jpg} Raspberry Pi 2 with hand for reference
Upgraded the RAM to 1GB
All other features of the Raspberry Pi 1
Model B: US$35 (4)
This is the strongest and most recent model of the Raspberry Pi full sized systems and was released in February 2016 just one year after the Pi 2.
{https://wiki.openwrt.org/_media/media/raspberry_pi_foundation/rpi1bplus.png} Raspberry Pi 3
Upgraded CPU: 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53
All other features of the Raspberry Pi 2
Pi Zero: US$5 (4)
This is the smallest of the Raspberry Pi models.
{https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0174/1800/products/Raspberry_Pi_Zero_ver_1.3_1_of_3_1024x1024.JPG?v=1463668883} Raspberry Pi Zero
Regardless of how people use their Raspberry Pi, emulation, gaming, as a micro controller, or even as a Pocket PC. This device and others like it are revolutionizing many areas within computer based technology, including teaching others how to program and create their own computers. It's clear that these computers will continue to revolutionize within their own sphere and affect many different sectors of technology as time goes on. With its ease of use and tangible (reachable) interface, it can make the most computer illiterate into a formidable programmer if the person is willing. For more information or to order a Raspberry Pi for yourself visit www.raspberrypi.org
Information Sources:
www.RasberryPi.org
www.vilaros.com
www.emulationstation.com
www.adafruit.com1: www.RasberryPi.org
2: www.vilaros.com
3: www.emulationstation.com
4: www.adafruit.com

{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Arduino316.jpg} Image result for Arduino MicroControllers
Introduction
Development Environment.
Brief History
In 2005 for his Master Thesis, Hernando Barragan, along with Massimo Banzi, and Casey Reas as supervisors, created Wiring. "Wiring allows writing cross-platform software to control devices attached to a wide range of microcontroller boards to create all kinds of creative coding, interactive objects, spaces or physical experiences." (4) The Arduino company came from Wiring and was originally intended to be a prototyping aid for non engineers. It was created to be open source, which means that it is not covered under copyright or patent laws, and anyone can get the plans to make them. This allowed anyone to take the Arduino plans and tweak it to meet their needs. From this, a dozen companies have started to make Arduino Micro Controllers. Arduino itself has several different Micro-Controllers to help you pick the right one for your project. Due to its open source availability, these companies have also created a wide range of modules that can be attached to the Arduino boards and programmed with the same language. In the 12 Years its been available there has been an explosion of available components that can be used with the Arduino. The clientele has also changed. It isn't just non-engineers that use the Arduino. Artist, have taken to integrating it into their projects, and engineers have come to use it. This has created a community of experts that are sharing information and project details that allow someone with very little, if any, experience learn how to use Arduino, and bring their idea into fruition.
The basic model of Arduino is called the Arduino UNO. The main power house of the UNO is the Atmega328P. This chip does the majority of the processing and stores the code. The board has two models: the 5 Volt and 3.3 Volt. The 5 volt is the most common because you can power it using a USB port.
14 Digital I/O ports
(buttons, inductive, capacative,capacitive, optical), You
PWM Digital Output
PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation. This is a technique to either control the speed of a DC motor or the brightness of an LED. 6 of the I/O pins can be PWM Outputs
The ATMega328P has 32 Kilobyte of storage space to store your program. .5 is used for the bootloader
16Mhz
speed of 16Mega Hertz16 Megahertz
Cost
it costs 24.95, itUS$22.00 (5), not including tax or shipping. It comes with programming. If youryou’re willing to purchase a non Arduinonon-Arduino brand board lot longer thenthan the Arduino. by a non Arduinonon-Arduino PLC, due to the long termlong-term reliability, and
Adaptability
Beyond the scope of creating an affordable micro controller, the 3rd party companies have been developing additional hardware for the unit in order to improve the productivity and capability of this tiny computer. Because of the innate ability to read both analog and high speed digital signals, this micro controller is more than capable of reading a variety of different types of sensors that function on the TTL level. For example, a starter kit from the Adafruit company comes with stepper and servo motor controllers, different colored LEDs, tilt sensor, temperature sensor, MOSFETS, opto-couplers, and other components to get anyone started with this controller. The best part about this system is that these kits are designed for this type of micro controller and is as easy as plugging the sensors into the ports and getting feedback right away. Of course there is a need for proper programming in order for the Arduino to make sense of the inputs/outputs but there is already plenty to work with. The kit below is a sample of the types of sensors available for the Arduino series:
Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
A software environment is where the code for your Arduino is written. Once the code is written, it can be compiled and sent to the onboard microcontroller chip. The software that comes with Arduino is very easy to use. The Arduino.cc website can be used to learn the language used in this environment. The language is closely related to C and C++ programming languages. If you can program in C, you will be able to understand Arduino very easily. The instructions for what the code does is included in the actual code when you download the software environment. "C++ is an object oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and is an extension of C language." (3)
and off:
{blink program.png}
Whats in store for the Arduino
Companies are already integrating Bluetooth and other wireless technologies into the Arduino. As mobile technology becomes more advanced and more frequent, we will be seeing more and more devices that can connect to the Arduino and feed back information easier and easier
waiting for.
Conclusion
Industry has always had a need for individualized computers that don't require constant monitory. However those controllers tend be expensive and bulky which makes it difficult to use for a prototype. The Arduino is designed to help the average Joe prototype a process for a machine and do it at a fraction the cost and space. What makes it even easier to use is that it is open source so anyone can see how they made them, and it has created a community of people who done all kinds of projects on the Arduino which is a great learning environment. The cost savings, space savings, and capabilities of the Arduino make its platform the only direction that Micro-Controllers can take.
2: Other basic information is taken form the Wikipedia page about Arduino.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
3: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26184/c-programming-language - C++ programming language.
4: http://wiring.org.co/
5: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3

The International Space Station has had its share of news coverage for helping facilitate great success. One of which is the landmark of a person staying in space for nearly a year. Scott Kelly (USA) and Mikhail Kornienko (Russia) each spent 340 days in space. This was done to test the effect of long-term space flight on the human body in preparation for an eventual flight to Mars. Many things have already been discovered, but the data from those flights will be analyzed for many years to see ways that we can support people outside of Earth's atmosphere.
As countries continue to invest in the International Space Station, we will continue to learn about the universe around us and begin to travel to more of it. Both government agencies and private companies have made plans to travel to Mars in the near future and the ISS is playing a critical role in the research and preparation for that. SpaceX (a private company with plans to land astronauts on Mars by 2024) has been flying supply missions to the ISS for the past several years. As these continue, we see that space travel is a blend of governments, private companies, and anyone else who has a passion and interest in space exploration.
about it.
References:
https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html

Reed Hastings-
(Wilmot Reed Hastings Jr.) is best known as the co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Netflix.
{reed-hastings_topic.jpg} {2016.11.16-Netflix-Hastings.png}
Founding of Netflix
{Netflix_Logo.jpg}
In 1998 Reed Hastings co-founded Netflix. They offered a flat rate movie rental-by-mail to customers in the United States. Hastings came up with the idea on the way to the gym. He had a late fee for a video he rented, it was more than six weeks late and the store wanted to charge him $40 dollars. He was too embarrassed to tell his wife. He is quoted as saying, "I got the idea for Netflix after my company was acquired. I had a big late fee for “Apollo 13.” It was six weeks late and I owed the video store $40. I had misplaced the cassette. It was all my fault. I didn’t want to tell my wife about it. And I said to myself, “I’m going to compromise the integrity of my marriage over a late fee?” Later, on my way to the gym, I realized they had a much better business model. You could pay $30 or $40 a month and work out as little or as much as you wanted."(1)
Early Life and Education
tool for debugging.debugging.(2) He then Pure Software. (4) A company
Inventions
code file. (3)
Rental inventory returned items. (3)
User interface data transmitter. (3)
Approach for of items. (3)
Approach for managing rental items across a plurality of distribution locations - An “inventory free” approach for managing rental items across a plurality of distribution locations includes sending at least some rental items that are not needed by two or more distribution locations to a designated distribution location.
Approach for estimating user ratings of items - According to another embodiment of the invention, an approach is provided for estimating how a user would rate an item that the user has not yet rated.
Achievments
featured in a front-page article in USA Today
The Henry Crown Leadership Award was presented to Reed Hastings in 2014. Each year the award is given to an outstanding leader whose achievements reflect the high standards of honor, integrity, industry, and philanthropy that characterized the life and career of industrialist and philanthropist Henry Crown.
Other investments
Facebook (5)
Dreambox Learning
Hastings Fund (6)
References
1. "Out of Africa, Onto the Web". December 17, 2006 – via NYTimes.com.
2. Debugging Software. January/February 2006. Stanford Magazine
3. Inventions Justia Patents.
4. Pure Software Wikipedia.
5. Facebook Facebook.
6. Hastings Fund Hastings Fund

The Intuos Pro Paper Edition graphics tablet is the thinnest since the company started selling graphics tablets many years ago. Its surface is now a sheet that feels like sketching paper. The box contains swatches of replacement sheets that have a smoother or coarser surface. his works with a Paper Clip that attaches to the top of the tablet to hold sketching paper. As you draw, the tablet captures and temporarily saves your strokes to its internal memory, which will store up to 200 multilayered or 1,000 single-layered drawings until you connect it again. And the files are downloaded where you can export them to program you use for digital drawing.
Best Programs to use with WACOM Tablets
make them more
more compatible for WACOM's Tablets. .
{Programs.PNG}
Here are WACOM Tablets:
Adobe
Adobe Photoshop or Elements {Programs.PNG}
Auto Desk Sketchbook
Corel Painter